Piparjuuresta (Horseradish)

Tuli kuultua Suomen matkalla kylässä käydessä paljon hyvää piparjuuren vaikutuksta ja löytyypä piparruuti myös J H Uotin kasvisliuosten luettelosta, joka ei ole mikään pitkä  yrttiluettelo.Vain tärkeimmät ja vaarattomat esitettiin :

"Ihotaudeissa ja keripukissa käytetään piparuutijuomaa, jota valmistetaan pienennetystä piparuutista 50 grammaa ja puolen litraa tuoretta kaljaa. sen annetaan vetää lämpimässä paikassa 2 päivää. Sitä juodaan puoli teekupillista aamuin illoin. "


https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piparjuuri
PubMed antaa 197 löytöä hakusanalla Armoracia rusticana.
Otan niistä pari linkki9ä  tähän. 

Piparjuuri, Pepparrot, "piparruuti"

Lahko:	Brassicales
Heimo:	Ristikukkaiskasvit Brassicaceae
Suku:	Piparjuuret Armoracia
Laji:	rusticana

Näyttää kuuluvan  samaan heimoon kuin  kaalikasvit.

Piparjuuressa on: Glukosinolaattteja, isotiosyanaatteja ja muita rikkiyhdisteitä.

(1) Food Funct. 2015 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] Anti-inflammatory activity of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root extracts in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
 Marzocco S1, Calabrone L, Adesso S, Larocca M, Franceschelli S, Autore G, Martelli G, Rossano R. Author information

Abstract Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Horseradish root is used as a condiment due to its extremely pungent flavour, deriving from the high content of glucosinolates and their breakdown products such as isothiocyanates and other sulfur compounds. Horseradish also has a long history in ethnomedicine. In this study the anti-inflammatory potential of three accessions of Armoracia rusticana on lipopolysaccharide from E. coli treated J774A.1 murine macrophages was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that Armoracia rusticana reduced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6)  release and nitric oxide(NO)  synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)  expression in macrophages, acting on nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 activation. Moreover Armoracia rusticana reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS)  release and increased heme-oxygenase-1 expression, thus contributing to the cytoprotective cellular effect during inflammation.

(2)  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684599

J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Mar 25;63(11):2947-55. doi: 10.1021/jf505591z. Epub 2015 Mar 16. Correlation of quinone reductase (QR) activity and allyl isothiocyanate formation among different genotypes and grades of horseradish roots.

Ku KM¹, Jeffery EH¹, Juvik JA¹, Kushad MM¹.

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop and its ground root tissue is used in condiments because of the pungency of the glucosinolate (GS)-hydrolysis products allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derived from sinigrin and gluconasturtiin, respectively. Horseradish roots are sold in three grades: U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 2 according to the USDA standards. These grading standards are primarily based on root diameter and length. There is little information on whether root grades vary in their phytochemical content or potential health promoting properties. This study measured GS, GS-hydrolysis products, potential anticancer activity (as quinone reductase inducing activity), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities from different grades of horseradish accessions. U.S. Fancy showed significantly higher sinigrin and AITC concentrations than U.S. No. 1 ,whereas U.S. No. 1 showed significantly higher concentrations of 1-cyano 2,3-epithiopropane, the epithionitrile hydrolysis product of sinigrin, and significantly higher total phenolic concentrations than U.S. Fancy.

KEYWORDS:Armoracia rusticana; allyl isothiocyanate; epithiospecifier protein; glucosinolate; phenethyl isothiocyanate; quinone reductase; sinigrin

Elintarvikelöytö 17.2. 2016. ostin Filadelfiajuustoa ja siinä on aromina piparjuuriseosta. Maukasta leivän päällä! Rasvapitoisuus  10%.

KOMMENTTINI: 

Tässä on mainittu entsyymi kinonireduktaasi (QR)  joka myös on tarpeen K-vitamiinin syklissä tehokkaan K-vitamiinimuodon (KH)  asteittaisessa  palauttamisessa KO  epoksimuodosta  kinonimuodon kautta , johon se  aktiivifunktiossaan joutuu  ja tässä voisi päätellä, että piparjuuri  muitten vihannesten joukossa tehostaa vihreitten vihannesten  terveydellistä vaikutusta juuri  tehostaessaan K-vitamiinin salvage- sykliä (  säästösykliä).  Jokainen K-vitamiinimolekyyli tekee noin 120 kertaa  säästösyklinsä ennekuin katoaa kehosta, eli sitä tulee saada päivittäin kun se katoaa niin nopeasti- Siis piparuuti tehnee sen olemisen  sinä lyhyenä aikana  tehokkaammaksi,  mistä ne hyvät maineet sitten  tulee.  esim. luun aineenvaihdunta  tehostuu K-vitamiinin syklistä, kun kalsiumia saadaan käsiteltyä ja aktiivikalsiumeja pyydystettyä niihin kohtiin missä tapahtuu fysiologista luun remodelling kaskadia. Luuhan on kalsiumin suurin varastopaikka kehossa..

Pipajuuressa on myös paljon mineraaleja ja C-vitamiinia, joten se vaikuttanee monipuolisesti  antioksidatiivisen kartan  teissä ja risteyksissä.. 

Saleppi kuuluu orkideologian alueeseen

 Käännettävä myöhemmin: 

Vesalius. 2012 Dec;18(2):99-106.

The Doctrine of Signatures, Materia Medica of Orchids, and the Contributions of Doctor - Orchidologists.

Pearn J¹.

Abstract

The heritage of medicine is written in many forms. One repository is to be found in the history of orchids, the world's largest family of flowering plants. Orchids were so named by Theophrastus (c.372-288 BC) who recorded their medicinal use as an aphrodisiac and the promoter of virility, in the context of the Doctrine of Signatures. Such use endured for millennia, and was recorded both by Paracelsus (1493-1551) and Linnaeus (1707-1778). The history of orchidology and medicine are entwined in four domains: (a) orchids and their historical materia medica, within the paradigm of the Doctrine of Signatures; (b) the enduring and extensive contemporary medicinal and culinary use of orchids such as Vanilla and salep extracts of Orchis; (c) the scientific contributions of doctors as orchidologists; and (d) the heritage of more than a hundred doctors' names in the scientific etymology of the Orchidaceae family. Prominent orchidologists have included the Scottish doctor-soldier and botanist, Robert Brown (1773-1858); the Director of the State Herbarium at Leyden and the Rijks Museum, Carl Ludwig Blume (1796-1862); and Dr William Sterling MD (1888-1967). Among the more than 1250 genus names (and 33,000 species) of orchids are the names of more than a hundred doctors, their lives and works perpetuated in the scientific etymology of this family of exotic, beautiful, flamboyant, intriguing and often expensive flowers. Generic names record the lives and works of such as Aristotle (384-322BC) in Aristotelia Loureiro 1790; Cadet de Gassicourt (1769-1821) in Cadetia Gaudichaud 1826; Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) in Sirhookera O. Kuntze 1891; and Dr Theodore Daniel Vrydag Zynen (fl. 1820-1850) in Vrydagzynea Blume 1858. One of the principal horticultural genera of orchids, Brassavola, records the life and work of the Ferrara and Padua physician and botanist, Antonio Musa Brassavola (1500-1555). The first Slipper Orchid bred as a hybrid, Paphiopedilum harrisianum (by John Dominy [1816-1892], at Exeter in England) was named after his colleague, the Devon surgeon, Dr John Harris (1782-1855).

PMID:

26255391

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• 
  

Testattu Salepin käyttö pehmeässä jäätelössä (soft ice cream) hydrokolloidisten ominaisuuksien takia

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Radix+salep
Kaupalliselta kannalta pehmytjäätelöön sopii paremmin Balangu seed gum- tyypin hydrokolloidi. 

Food Sci Technol Int. 2010 Feb;16(1):79-88. doi: 10.1177/1082013209353244. Epub 2010 Apr 16.

Rheological characterization and sensory evaluation of a typical soft ice cream made with selected food hydrocolloids.

BahramParvar M¹, Razavi SM, Khodaparast MH.

Abstract

The effect of two novel hydrocolloids known as Balangu seed gum (BSG) and palmate-tuber salep (PTS) with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on the rheological characteristics of a typical soft ice cream was studied. The power law model well described the flow behavior of mixes with a high correlation coefficient (r). The flow behavior index was in the range of 0.450-1.154, while the consistency coefficient varied from 0.051 to 6.822 Pa s(n). All mixes showed a pseudoplastic behavior except the mix containing 0.3% PTS, which was found to have a slightly dilatant characteristic. An increase in the concentration was accompanied by an increase in the pseudoplasticity and consistency coefficient. The effect of selected gums on some sensory properties of a soft ice cream such as viscosity, coldness, firmness, degree of smoothness (coarseness), liquefying rate, body and texture and total acceptance has also been investigated in this work. The correlation between the apparent viscosity and sensory attributes has been determined because of the importance of viscosity in the quality evaluation of an ice cream. Taking into account the commercial ice cream properties, a 0.4% BSG gum concentration may be recommended.

PMID:

21339124

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Saleppijauho on hydrokolloidinen ja sisältää glukomannaania 28 - 58%

Juho H Uoti mainitsee saleppivellin  lääkkeellisistä ominaisuuksista

Juho H Uoti maintsi saleppivellistä seuraavaa käyttöindikaatiota.: Salepppivelli, jota valmistetaan hienoksi survotuista saleppijuurista (tubera salep), joita otetaan 10 grammaa litraan kuumaa vettä tai maitoa. Sitä otetaan teekupillinen kerrallaan ripulissa, punataudissa ja muissa suolikivuissa. 
(Kotiopas 1928 Sivu 145)

 http://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1007049.pdf 
 Tieteellisessä tutkimukessa  saleppi sijoittuu hydrokolloideihin ja sitä on verrattu karboksimetylselluloossan ja guargumin kanssa  tässä lähteessä rheologisiin ominaisuuksiin vaikuttavana aineena. 



Salepista en löydä suomalaista Wikipediatietoa, mutta muilla kielillä on paljon  ainesta Tuber Saleps mukuloista.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salep

Radix ( Tuber )Salep  http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-51812-6_88#page-1
jonkinlaista korkkimaista lima-ainesta

Wikipediassa  on lisätekstiä  on englanniksi: Näyttää siltä että siinä on jotakin vaikuttavaa ainetta, jota se kuumana juomana voi korvata jopa länsimaista kahvia ja teetä itämailla Levantissa. ja Kreikassa. Koetan ottaa selvää asiasta.
4.10.2015.

Sitaatti:

Consumption

Salep was a popular beverage in the lands of the Ottoman Empire. Its consumption spread beyond there to England and Germany before the rise of coffee and tea and it was later offered as an alternative beverage in coffee houses. In England, the drink was known as saloop. Popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in England, its preparation required that the salep powder be added to water until thickened whereupon it would be sweetened, then flavored with orange flower or rose water. Substitution of British orchid roots, known as "dogstones", was acceptable in the 18th century for the original Turkish variants.^[1]

The beverage sahlab is now often made with hot milk instead of water. Other desserts are also made from salep flour, including salep pudding and salep ice cream. The Kahramanmaraş region of Turkey is a major producer of sahlab known as Salepi Maraş. The popularity of sahlab in Turkey has led to a decline in the populations of wild orchids. As a result, it is illegal to export true salep.^[2] Thus, many instant sahlab mixes are made with artificial flavoring. Salep is also consumed in Greece, and it is usually sold on the streets as a hot beverage during the cold months of the year. It is extremely popular in many parts of the Middle East, especially the Levant. Families in Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon drink the hot version during the winter time. In North Africa, Libya for example, it is enjoyed when served cold.

The Ancient Romans also used ground orchid bulbs to make drinks, which they called by a number of names, especially satyrion and priapiscus. As the names indicate, they likewise considered it to be a powerful aphrodisiac.^[3] Of salep, Paracelsus wrote: "behold the Satyrion root, is it not formed like the male privy parts? No one can deny this. Accordingly magic discovered it and revealed that it can restore a man's virility and passion".^[4]

Cultural references

In Joan Aiken's novel Is, saloop is mentioned as conferring long life. The liner notes to the Aphrodite's Child album 666 include the note that the work "was recorded under the influence of 'sahlep'". The album, carrying the Number of the Beast as its name, was boycotted by certain radio stations, with as a possible contributing factor that the word sahlep was interpreted by Fundamentalist Christians as the name of a drug, a demon, or a black-magic sect. In Rick Riordan's book The Red Pyramid, the Ancient Egyptian goddess Nut offers the main character sahlab. In Jude Watson's book Beyond the Grave, the main characters are served sahlab at their hotel. Salep is mentioned under the name "saloop" in Terry Pratchett's book, Monstrous Regiment.

In Başar Sabuncu's 1985 film Çıplak Vatandaş (The Nude Citizen), the anti-hero sells sahlep in the streets of Istanbul as an ambulant sahlepçi, it is one of his multiple jobs taken to survive the inflation.

Recipe

• 200ml Skimmed milk
• 1 Tablespoon Salep flour or as alternative

    ½  Tablespoon Rice flour and ½ Tablespoon Potato starch

• Sugar
• Cinnamon for strewing