Ananas comosus, Bromeliaceae ( bromelaiini)

ANANAS

http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=34
Ananas kuuluu myös silmälle edullisiin hedelmiin.  Varsinkin tuoreena, jolloin siinä ei ole lisänä sokeriliemiä
kts. www.fineli.fi

Ananaksesta on löydetty maksaa suojaavia ominaisuuksia. esim  parasetamolimyrkytystä vastustavaa ominaisuutta.  Tässä allalolevassa on käytetty fermentoitua anansjuissia.  .  ( Netissä löytyy pannas vinegar thetynä kuorista fermentaatiolla. Tässä alla sanotaan etät juissista, Mutta onko taas juissi tehty koko hedelemistä, ei käy ilmi.

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699088

Chin Med. 2015 Feb 13;10:3. doi: 10.1186/s13020-015-0030-4. eCollection 2015.

Antioxidant effects of pineapple vinegar in reversing of paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice.

Mohamad NE¹, Yeap SK² et al.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) was demonstrated to be hepatoprotective. This study aims to investigate the reversing effects of pineapple vinegar on paracetamol-induced liver damage in murine model.

METHODS:

Pineapple juice was fermented via anaerobic and aerobic fermentation to produce pineapple vinegar. Male BALB/c mice (n = 70) were separated into 7 treatment groups (n = 10). Pineapple vinegar (0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW) and synthetic vinegar were used to treat paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. The hepatoprotective effects were determined by serum biochemistry profiles (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and triglyceride (TG)), liver antioxidant levels (ferric-reducing ability plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione assays (GSH)) and histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The effects were further evaluated by the expression levels of iNOS, NF-κB, and cytochrome P450 2E1 by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Vinegar samples were also tested for in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and total phenolic content (TPC)). Soluble phenolic acid contents in the samples were identified by HPLC.

RESULTS:

Pineapple vinegar contained 169.67 ± 0.05 μg GAE/mL of TPC, with 862.61 ± 4.38 μg/mL gallic acid as the main component. Oral administration of pineapple vinegar at 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, including AST (P = 0.008), ALT (P = 0.006), ALP (P = 0.002), and TG (P = 0.006) after 7 days of paracetamol treatment.
 Liver antioxidant levels such as hepatic glutathione (P = 0.003), SOD (P < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.002) and FRAP (P <0 .001="" b="">were restored after the treatment.

 Pineapple vinegar reduced the expressions of iNOS (P = 0.003) and NF-kB (P = 0.003) and the level of NO (P = 0.003) significantly. Pineapple vinegar also downregulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONS:

Oral administration of pineapple vinegar at 0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, restored liver antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory factor expressions, and down regulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice.

MUITA LÄHTEITÄ

The relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes.

Luoga W, Mansur F, Buttle DJ, Duce IR, Garnett MC, Lowe A, Behnke JM.

J Helminthol. 2015 Mar;89(2):165-74. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X13000692. Epub 2013 Oct 31.

.

The chemopreventive action of bromelain, from pineapple stem (Ananas comosus L.), on colon carcinogenesis is related to antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects.

Romano B, Fasolino I, Pagano E, Capasso R, Pace S, De Rosa G, Milic N, Orlando P, Izzo AA, Borrelli F.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Mar;58(3):457-65. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300345. Epub 2013 Oct 1.

Enzymatic, antimicrobial and toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of Ananas comosus (pineapple) crown leaf.

Dutta S, Bhattacharyya D.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Nov 25;150(2):451-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.024. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
The extract contains several proteins that were clustered under native condition. Proteomic studies indicated presence of fruit bromelain as major protein constituent of the extract. It showed nonspecific protease activity, gelatinolytic, collagenase, fibrinolytic, acid and alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, DNase and RNase activities along with considerable anti-microbial property

Polymer-based alternative method to extract bromelain from pineapple peel waste.

Novaes LC, Ebinuma Vde C, Mazzola PG, Pessoa A Jr.

Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2013 Sep-Oct;60(5):527-35. doi: 10.1002/bab.1121. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
Abstract
Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes present in all tissues of the pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.), and it is known for its clinical therapeutic applications, food processing, and as a dietary supplement. The use of pineapple waste for bromelain extraction is interesting from both an environmental and a commercial point of view, because the protease has relevant clinical potential. We aimed to study the optimization of bromelain extraction from pineapple waste, using the aqueous two-phase system formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(acrylic acid). In this work, bromelain partitioned preferentially to the top/PEG-rich phase and, in the best condition, achieved a yield of 335.27% with a purification factor of 25.78. The statistical analysis showed that all variables analyzed were significant to the process.