tisdag 25 april 2023

Luun uudismuodostukseen vaikuttavista öljyistä

 

. 2020 Aug 19;11(8):7048-7060.
doi: 10.1039/d0fo00884b.

The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice

Affiliations
  • PMID: 32813003
  • DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00884b 
  •   Osteoporosis, a chronic disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide, presents a substantial medical and socioeconomic burden on the modern society. However, long-term intake of diets supplemented with different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can affect bone metabolism; thus, this study investigated the comparative effects of Antarctic krill oil (AKO, containing n-3 PUFAs) and arachidonic acid-rich oil (AAO, containing n-6 PUFAs) on bone resorption in a mice model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mice were orally administered with AKO (200 mg kg-1) or AAO (220 mg kg-1) once daily for 30 days, ovariectomized, followed by the continued administration of the respective samples for 90 days. Biomechanical and histomorphometric analyses revealed that AKO increased the bone mineral density (BMD) to enhance the biomechanical properties by increasing the mineral apposition rate and repairing the microstructure of the trabecular bone, whereas AAO had the opposite effect. The fatty acid analysis of the vertebra showed that AKO increased the n-3 PUFA (especially for DHA) content, thereby decreasing the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, which was negatively correlated with the BMD. However, AAO had the opposite effect due to high amounts of arachidonic acid. To explore the underlying mechanism responsible for these observations, we compared the classical bone resorption OPG/RANKL/NF-κB pathway mediated by PGE2/EP4. The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in the bone affected the production of PGE2, a factor regulating the OPG/RANKL pathway, thereby regulating osteoclastogenesis by stimulating the NF-κB pathway. The results of ELISA, qRT-PCR, and western blot demonstrated that AKO reduced the secretion of PGE2 and the expression of EP4, upregulating the ratio of OPG/RANKL in the bone, thereby decreasing TRAF6 expression to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and finally inhibiting the expression of nuclear transcription factors (c-fos and NFATc1) to prevent excessive osteoclastogenesis (TRACP, MMP-9, and Cath-K). Arachidonic acid is a precursor of PGE2 synthesis. AAO showed the opposite trend through the same pathway. Thus, AKO could significantly improve osteoporosis via the OPG/RANKL/NF-κB pathway mediated by PGE2/EP4 to inhibit osteoclastogenesis, whereas AAO aggravated osteoporosis via the same pathway. This is the first study to systematically compare the effects and mechanism of AKO and AAO in regulating bone resorption in osteoporotic mice to support recommendations on fatty acid types in dietary oils for an osteoporotic population.

torsdag 6 oktober 2022

Santelipuun öljyä tutkittiin jo 1930 luvulla . Gustaf Komppa syntetisoi manteliöljymolekyylin. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia syntyi myös

 https://luontoemo.fi/tuote/santelipuu-5-eteerinen-oljy/

 Vuonno 1935 Gustaf Komppa teki tutkimuksensa Helsingin Tiedeakatemiass santelipuun öljyistä. 

 

Suomessa tutkittiin kurkumaöljyä vuonna 1921

 

  • Hintikka, Sulo Viljo [VerfasserIn]
    Helsinki: Zur Kenntnis des Curcumaöls S. V. Hintikka (Kurkumaöljy)
    Helsinki, Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Kustantama, 1921 

     Curcuma longa- sisältää 80%  polyfenolisia curcunoideja ja 12% demetoxycurcumiinia.   Kurkumaöljyn tuoksuaine on nimeltään turmeron. Curcumaa on curry- mausteessa.  Luokituksessa  kasvi kuuluu ginger perheeseen  Zingiberaceae. 

     "Turmeric" katsotaan hyödylliseksi , miellyttäväksi ja terveelliseksi mausteeksi.

onsdag 21 september 2022

Tuoksusumakista maksettiin myös kymmenykset Mishnan mukaan (Maaserot, Peah)

 PubMed haku  Rhus coriaria ,

 Sumach, Bärsumak, Garve-sumak, Parkkisumakki, Tuoksusumakki  (Oog HaBurskaaim, Sumak)

126 results
Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac).
Alsamri H, Athamneh K, Pintus G, Eid AH, Iratni R. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 8;10(1):73. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010073. PMID: 33430013 Free PMC article. Review.
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. ...This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compou
Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria.
Elagbar ZA, Shakya AK, Barhoumi LM, Al-Jaber HI. Chem Biodivers. 2020 Apr;17(4):e1900561. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201900561. Epub 2020 Apr 9. PMID: 32141706 Review.
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulc
The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Mohit M, Nouri M, Samadi M, Nouri Y, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Venkatakrishnan K, Jalili C. Complement Ther Med. 2021 Sep;61:102766. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102766. Epub 2021 Aug 5. PMID: 34365008 Free article. Review.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) is a popular spice/herb with several biological functions owing to its antioxidant and insulin-like activities. ...
Repressive effect of Rhus coriaria L. fruit extracts on microglial cells-mediated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
Khalil M, Bazzi A, Zeineddine D, Jomaa W, Daher A, Awada R. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 6;269:113748. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113748. Epub 2020 Dec 24. PMID: 33359864
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhus coriaria L. represents a herbal shrub that is used widely in traditional medicine in the Middle East region to treat different diseases including inflammation-related disorders. ...However, the effect of R. coriaria on neu …
Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) Demonstrates Oncostatic Activity in the Therapeutic and Preventive Model of Breast Carcinoma.
Kubatka P, Kello M, Kajo K, Samec M, Liskova A, Jasek K, Koklesova L, Kuruc T, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Svajdlenka E, Solar P, Pec M, Büsselberg D, Sadlonova V, Mojzis J. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 26;22(1):183. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010183. PMID: 33375383 Free PMC article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncostatic activities of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) using animal models (rat and mouse), and cell lines of breast carcinoma. ...In the mouse model, R. coriaria at a higher dose (1%) significantly decreased tumor volume …
Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), a Versatile and Resourceful Food Spice with Cornucopia of Polyphenols.
Batiha GE, Ogunyemi OM, Shaheen HM, Kutu FR, Olaiya CO, Sabatier JM, De Waard M. Molecules. 2022 Aug 14;27(16):5179. doi: 10.3390/molecules27165179. PMID: 36014419 Free PMC article. Review.
In recent years, utilization of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is upgrading not only in their culinary use and human nutrition, but also in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry and veterinary practices. ...Herein, we discuss polyphenolic compounds as the main bioact …
Physiochemical properties and medicinal, nutritional and industrial applications of Lebanese Sumac (Syrian Sumac - Rhus coriaria): A review.
Sakhr K, El Khatib S. Heliyon. 2020 Jan 27;6(1):e03207. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03207. eCollection 2020 Jan. PMID: 32042964 Free PMC article. Review.
BACKGROUND: Syrian Sumac, scientifically defined as Rhus coriaria, is a commonly used spice powder in the Middle East. ...SCOPE AND APPROACH: Several studies have been done to explore the benefits and potential uses of Rhus coriaria. In the following r …
Rhus coriaria L. Fruit Extract Prevents UV-A-Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Injury in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells.
Nozza E, Melzi G, Marabini L, Marinovich M, Piazza S, Khalilpour S, Dell'Agli M, Sangiovanni E. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Apr 1;9(4):292. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040292. PMID: 32244567 Free PMC article.
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is a small plant widely diffused in the Mediterranean region. ...Our findings indicate that the extract acts as a cell cycle inhibitor or apoptosis inducer, according to the level of damage. The present work provides new insights into the us
Sumac (Rhus coriaria) for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Isik S, Tayman C, Cakir U, Koyuncu I, Taskin Turkmenoglu T, Cakir E. J Food Biochem. 2019 Dec;43(12):e13068. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13068. Epub 2019 Oct 3. PMID: 31583737
Leukotrienes, free oxygen radicals, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inflammatory mediators play major roles in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Rhus coriaria (RC: sumac) extracts may enhance cell viability by reinforcing defenses against free rad … 
 
Tämä sivu on keskeneräinen

Kolokvintin hyviä ja huonoja puolia, liuskamelonilaji, "villikurkuksi" mainittu Raamatussa. Traditionaalinen lääkekasvi monissa kulttuureissa

Raamatun kasvi, kolokvintti, eräs liuskamelonilaji on käännetty suom. Raamatussa villikurkkuna.
Kirjoitin siitä muistiin jotain erääseen blogiini ja siteeraan tähän ystäville:
Raamatussa mainittu vihanneskasvi liuskamelonilaji kolokvintti, “villi kurkku”.
Citrullus colocynthis, Bitter gourds, Awatiah ha-Pakkuah, Kolokvinthus , käännetty sanalla “Villikurkku” suomalaisessa Raamatussa. Entä mitä PubMed kirjoittaa siitä?
(Raamatunkohta on ; 2. Kn. 4: 39-40).
RAAMATUSSA MAINITAAN tässä kohdassa Elisa-profeetan oppilaiden ruoanlaitosta. Oli nälänhätäaikaa ja oppilasjoukolle täytyi löytää syötävää. Yksi lähti hakemaan jotain vihreää luonnosta ja löysi rönsyilevän kasvin, jossa kasvoi jotain kurkun tapaista hedelmää. Hän poimi sitä viittansa täyteen. Pojat eivät tunnistaneet tätä kasvia. Se leikeltiin pataan ja alettiin syödä soippaa, mutta se ei maistunut kitkeryyden takia. Elisa kuitenkin tiesi neuvon." Villikurkut" olivat kolokvinttejä, joissa on paljon antioksidanttisia ominaisuuksia, mutta myös myrkyllisiä aineksia, joista ällöttävä maku tulee. Ne ainekset sai saostettua jauhoilla myrkyttömiksi ja keitosta tuli syötävää ja maukasta. Opettavainen tarina. Tietämys luonnon antimista on tärkeä, varsinkin kun paikoitellen on nälänhätää maailmassa vieläkin. Kaikki vihreä ei sovi ihmisen ruoaksi. Eläimillä on vaistonsa, ihmisillä vainopittu tietonsa ja taitonsa
PubMed lähteestä löytyy tästä kolokvintista artikkeleita ja niitten ohessa lisää viitteitä kolokvintin ainesosien tieteellisestä tutkimuksesta. On havaittu useita vaikuttavia molekyylejä, kukurbitasiineja, flavonoideja, alkaloideja ja fenolihappoja ja niistä on todettu antioksidanttisuutta, antidiabeettisuutta, mikrobien vastaisia vaikutuksia ja syövänvastaisia vaikutuksia , metabolisesti edullisia piirteitä maksan ja suolen toimintaan farmakologissa tutkimuksissa.
Tämä kolokvintti kuuluu niin kiinalaiseen kuin afrikkalaiseen ja Välimeren alueen yrttilääketieteeseen.
Haku Pub Med: Citrullus colocynthis
1. Artikkeli vuodelta 2020. Kolokvintin molekyylien farmakologisia vaikutuksia
[Research progress on chemical constituents of Citrullus colocynthis and their pharmacological effects].
Zheng MS, Liu YS, Yuan T, Liu LY, Li ZY, Huang XL. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Feb;45(4):816-824. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191104.201. PMID: 32237481 Review. Chinese.
Citrullus colocynthis is widely distributed in the desert regions of the world. ...As a kind of exterritorialy medicinal material, C. colocynthis has been used in China and introduced successfully. The main active ingredients of C. colocynthis are cucurbitacin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, which have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-pathogenic microorganisms and anti-cancer activities in modern pharmacological research. This paper reviews the traditional application, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of C. colocynthis, and provides reference for the in-depth study for the efficacy and mechanism of different components of C. colocynthis. Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis; anti-cancer; anti-diabetes; cucurbitacin.
2. Aiempi artikkeli vuodelta 2015. Kolokvintin molekyylien rakenteitakin saatavilla siinä artikkelissa.
2015 Sep 30;20(10):18001-15. Cucurbitacins from the Leaves of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Rachid Chawech 1 2 3 , Raoudha Jarraya 4 et al. DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018001 Free PMC article https://www.mdpi.com/.../molecules-20-18001-g001-550.jpg
3. Vuodelta 2013 on tutkimus kolokvintin siemenextrakteista, jotka ovat antioksidanttisia.
Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extracts.
Benariba N, Djaziri R, Bellakhdar W, Belkacem N, Kadiata M, Malaisse WJ, Sener A. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Jan;3(1):35-40. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60020-9. PMID: 23570014 Free PMC article. OBJECTIVE: To study the phytochemical screening of different extracts from Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis ) seeds extracts and to assess their antioxidant activity on the DPPH free radical scavenging. .…
4. Artikkeli vuodelta 2018 metabolisista vaikutuksista
Välimeren alueella kolokvintti mainitaan myös traditionaalisena lääkekasvina ja metabolisesti edullisia vaikutuksia on tutkittu koe-eläimissäkin
Therapeutic effect of alkaloids and glycosides of colocynth seeds on liver injury, associated with metabolic syndrome in wistar rats, subject to nutritional stress.
Tabani K, Birem Z, Halzoune H, Saiah W, Lahfa F, Koceir EA, Omari N. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2018 Jan;31(1(Suppl.)):277-290. PMID: 29386155
The Citrullus colocynthis, commonly called colocynth, is known because of its purgative effects and whose seeds are commonly used as certain diseases treatment, namely liver diseases, in the Mediterranean countries traditional medicine.
AIHE:
Aihepiiri: Raamatun kasveista. Villikurkut , Kolokvintti, liuskamelonilaji , Bitter gourd, vild gurkliknande slingerväxt, (Awatiah pakuah), Citrullus colocynthis (II Kuningastenkirja 4: 38-40).
Luokitus:
Domeeni:
Aitotumaiset Eucarya
Kunta:
Kasvit Plantae
Alakunta:
Putkilokasvit Tracheobionta
Kaari:
Siemenkasvit Spermatophyta
Alakaari:
Koppisiemeniset Magnoliophytina
Luokka:
Kaksisirkkaiset Magnoliopsida
Lahko:
Cucurbitales
Heimo:
Kurkkukasvit Cucurbitaceae
Suku:
Liuskamelonit Citrullus
Laji:
colocynthis
Hebrealainen viite: Nissim Krispil:Medicinal plants in Israel and throughout the world. The complete guide. Hed Arzi Publishing House, Or Yehuda 60376. Printed in Israel 2000.Sivut 271.
"Villikurkku" liuskamelonityyppi (citrullus) Kolokvintti (colocynthis) sivulla 29 alareunassa.
(Muistiin 21.9.2022. Rannebergissä Ruotsissa. Kirjastonhoitajana toiminut Ofra Nov antanut tämän kirjan minulle vuonna 2002 syntymäpäivälahjaksi).

onsdag 15 december 2021

Curcumin (diferoylmethane)

"Indian Saffron", Curcuma longa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric

Maustekurkuma (Curcuma longa) on inkiväärikasveihin kuuluva ruohovartinen kasvi. Sen juurista saatavaa maustetta kutsutaan kurkumaksi. Juuri kuivataan ja jauhetaan, jolloin tuloksena on voimakkaan keltainen maustejauhe, jota käytetään usein currymausteseoksen osana ja muussa eteläaasialaisessa ruoanlaitossa. Kurkumaa käytetään myös keltaisen värin antajana eräissä sinapeissa sekä jopa kankaiden värjäykseen.

Maustekurkumasta uutetaan kurkumiinia, jota käytetään elintarvikkeissa väriaineena. Kurkumiinin E-koodi on E 100.

"Intian sahrami ", käytetty myös mausteväärennöksiin sahramin sijasta, kertoo Wikipedia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924967
Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(7):919-30. Curcumin, the golden spice from Indian saffron, is a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer for tumors and chemoprotector and radioprotector for normal organs.

Source

Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Abstract

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the yellow pigment in Indian saffron (Curcuma longa; also called turmeric, haldi, or haridara in the East and curry powder in the West), has been consumed by people for centuries as a dietary component and for a variety of proinflammatory ailments. Extensive research within the last decade in cell culture and in rodents has revealed that curcumin can sensitize tumors to different chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin, 5-FU, paclitaxel, vincristine, melphalan, butyrate, cisplatin, celecoxib, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, etoposide, sulfinosine, thalidomide, and bortezomib. Chemosensitization has been observed in cancers of the breast, colon, pancreas, gastric, liver, blood, lung, prostate, bladder, cervix, ovary, head and neck, and brain and in multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Similar studies have also revealed that this agent can sensitize a variety of tumors to gamma radiation including glioma, neuroblastoma, cervical carcinoma, epidermal carcinoma, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. How curcumin acts as a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer has also been studied extensively. For example, it downregulates various growth regulatory pathways and specific genetic targets including genes for NF-κB, STAT3, COX2, Akt, antiapoptotic proteins, growth factor receptors, and multidrug-resistance proteins. Although it acts as a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer for tumors in some cases, curcumin has also been shown to protect normal organs such as liver, kidney, oral mucosa, and heart from chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced toxicity. The protective effects of curcumin appear to be mediated through its ability to induce the activation of NRF2 and induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., hemeoxygenase-1, glutathione peroxidase, modulatory subunit of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, increase glutathione (a product of the modulatory subunit of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase), directly quench free radicals, and inhibit p300 HAT activity. These preclinical studies are expected to lead to clinical trials to prove the potential of this age-old golden spice for treating cancer patients.

PMID:
20924967
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]